A Simplified Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions within just a few months, causing severe respiratory disease and mortality. Assays to monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in vitro depend on time-consuming and costly RNA extraction steps, hampering progress in basic research and drug development efforts.
Here, we developed a simplified quantitative real-time PCR assay that bypasses viral RNA extraction steps and can monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth from a small amount of cell culture supernatants. In addition, we show that this approach is easily adaptable to numerous other RNA and DNA viruses. Using this assay, we screened the activities of a number of compounds that were predicted to alter SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication as well as HIV-1-specific drugs in a proof-of-concept study. We found that E64D (inhibitor of endosomal proteases cathepsin B and L) and apilimod (endosomal trafficking inhibitor) potently decreased the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cell culture supernatants with minimal cytotoxicity.
Surprisingly, we found that the macropinocytosis inhibitor ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) similarly decreased SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in supernatants, suggesting that entry may additionally be mediated by an alternative pathway. HIV-1-specific inhibitors nevirapine (a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]), amprenavir (a protease inhibitor), and allosteric integrase inhibitor 2 (ALLINI-2) modestly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, albeit the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were much higher than that required for HIV-1. Taking the data together, this simplified assay will expedite basic SARS-CoV-2 research, be amenable to mid-throughput screening assays (i.e., drug, CRISPR, small interfering RNA [siRNA], etc.), and be applicable to a broad number of RNA and DNA viruses.
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is continuing to cause immense respiratory disease and social and economic disruptions. Conventional assays that monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture rely on costly and time-consuming RNA extraction procedures, hampering progress in basic SARS-CoV-2 research and development of effective therapeutics.
Here, we developed a simple quantitative real-time PCR assay to monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture supernatants that does not necessitate RNA extraction and that is as accurate and sensitive as existing methods. In a proof-of-concept screen, we found that E64D, apilimod, EIPA, and remdesivir can substantially impede SARS-Cov-2 replication, providing novel insight into viral entry and replication mechanisms.
In addition, we show that this approach is easily adaptable to numerous other RNA and DNA viruses. This simplified assay will undoubtedly expedite basic SARS-CoV-2 and virology research and be amenable to use in drug screening platforms to identify therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
pharmacodane
 rHu MIP-1-alpha |
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| AK8250-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-alpha |
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| AK8250-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-alpha |
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| AK8250-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-alpha |
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| AK8250-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu MIP-3-beta |
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| AK8232-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-3-beta |
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| AK8232-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-3-beta |
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| AK8232-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-3-beta |
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| AK8232-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu MIP-4 |
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| AK8218-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-4 |
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| AK8218-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-4 |
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| AK8218-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-4 |
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| AK8218-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu MIP-1-beta |
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| AK8264-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-beta |
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| AK8264-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-beta |
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| AK8264-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIP-1-beta |
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| AK8264-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu TNF-alpha |
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| AK8324-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu TNF-alpha |
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| AK8324-0050 | Akron Biotech | 50µg | Ask for price |
rHu TNF-alpha |
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| AK8324-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu TNF-alpha |
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| AK8324-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu GRO-alpha |
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| AK9903-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu GRO-alpha |
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| AK9903-0025 | Akron Biotech | 25µg | Ask for price |
rHu GRO-alpha |
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| AK9903-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu GRO-alpha |
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| AK9903-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 MIP-3-alpha/CCL20, Human |
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| HY-P7262 | MedChemExpress | 10ug | EUR 268 |
 MIP-3-alpha/CCL20, Mouse |
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| HY-P7263 | MedChemExpress | 10ug | EUR 234 |
 Anti-MIP-3 alpha Antibody |
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| A00748 | BosterBio | 100ul | EUR 397 |
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Description: Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for MIP-3 alpha Antibody (CCL20) detection.tested for IHC in Human, Mouse. |
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 MIP-3 alpha, CCL20, human |
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| RC315-31 | Bio Basic | 5ug | EUR 104.38 |
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 rHu SDF-1-alpha |
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| AK8318-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu SDF-1-alpha |
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| AK8318-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu SDF-1-alpha |
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| AK8318-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu SDF-1-alpha |
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| AK8318-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
) rHu TNF-alpha (cGMP) |
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| AK9897-0000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu IFN-alpha-2A |
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| AK9909-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu IFN-alpha-2A |
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| AK9909-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu IFN-alpha-2A |
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| AK9909-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu IFN-alpha-2B |
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| AK9910-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu IFN-alpha-2B |
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| AK9910-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu IFN-alpha-2B |
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| AK9910-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 Anti-MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20 Antibody |
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| A00748-2 | BosterBio | 100ug/vial | EUR 294 |
 MIP-1 alpha Antibody |
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| 20-abx148975 | Abbexa |
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 MIP- 1 alpha Antibody |
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| ABD8572 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 438 |
MIP-1 alpha Antibody |
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| 45363-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 252 |
MIP-1 alpha Antibody |
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| 45363-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 187 |
 MIP-1-alpha Antibody |
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| 5246-100 | Biovision | EUR 338 | |
 MIP 1 alpha antibody |
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| 20R-1788 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 673 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal MIP 1 alpha antibody |
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MIP-1 alpha Antibody |
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| DF8572 | Affbiotech | 200ul | EUR 304 |
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Description: MIP-1 alpha Antibody detects endogenous levels of total MIP-1 alpha. |
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 Anti-MIP- alpha antibody |
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| STJ94130 | St John's Laboratory | 200 µl | EUR 197 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal to MIP-1alpha. |
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Anti-MIP- alpha antibody |
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| STJ98775 | St John's Laboratory | 200 µl | EUR 197 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal to MIP-3alpha. |
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 MIP-3 |
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| EF016652 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF016984 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF017888 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF012726 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF013760 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF013761 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| EF010865 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 689 |
MIP-3 |
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| PAab09791 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 386 |
) rHu IFN-alpha-2B (cGMP) |
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| AK8237-0000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
) rHu IFN-alpha-2A (cGMP) |
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| AK8561-0000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
) rHu SDF-1-alpha (cGMP) |
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| AK9881-0000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 Anti-MIP-3 alpha Antibody Biotin Conjugated |
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| B00748-1 | BosterBio | 100ug | EUR 432 |
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Description: Rabbit Polyclonal MIP-3 alpha Antibody Biotin Conjugated. Validated in WB and tested in Human. |
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, Human) MIP-3-alpha/CCL20 (CHO-expressed), Human |
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| HY-P7260 | MedChemExpress | 10ug | EUR 268 |
, Rat) MIP-3-alpha/CCL20 (HEK293-expressed), Rat |
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| HY-P7261 | MedChemExpress | 10ug | EUR 268 |
 Protein) Recombinant Murine MIP-3 Alpha (CCL20) Protein |
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| PROTO89093-1 | BosterBio | 20ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: MIP-3α is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3α is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3α is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines. |
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 Mouse MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit |
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| LF-EK50839 | Abfrontier | 1×96T | EUR 648 |
 Human MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit |
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| RK00207 | Abclonal | 96 Tests | EUR 521 |
 Protein) Recombinant Human MIP-3 Alpha (CCL20) Protein |
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| PROTP78556-2 | BosterBio | 20ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: MIP-3α is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3α is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3α is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines. |
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 rHu MCP-3 |
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| AK8261-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCP-3 |
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| AK8261-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCP-3 |
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| AK8261-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCP-3 |
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| AK8261-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu IL-3 |
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| AK8321-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu IL-3 |
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| AK8321-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu IL-3 |
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| AK8321-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu IL-3 |
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| AK8321-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu NT-3 |
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| AK8543-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu NT-3 |
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| AK8543-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu NT-3 |
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| AK8543-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu NT-3 |
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| AK8543-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu Galectin-3 |
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| AK9079-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu Galectin-3 |
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| AK9079-0050 | Akron Biotech | 50µg | Ask for price |
rHu Galectin-3 |
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| AK9079-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu Galectin-3 |
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| AK9079-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu Eotaxin 3 |
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| AK9970-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu Eotaxin 3 |
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| AK9970-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
Expression of ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 in cumulus cellculture of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and poor responder who are a candidate for IVF: the novel strategic role of clonidine in this expression
Objective: Alpha and beta-adrenoceptors (ADR-α1, 2, and β2) play a regulatory role in the folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to measure these adrenoceptors mRNA and its protein levels in cumulus cells (CCs) culture of poor ovarian reserve (POR) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) infertile women (IVF candidate) and the effect of clonidine treatment at CCs culture.
Methods: This case/control study was conducted in 2017 includes a control (donation oocytes) and two studies (PCO and POR) groups. The ovulation induction drugs were prescribed in all groups. After the oocyte puncture, the follicular fluid was collected and CCs were isolated were cultured. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and designed the primer for the ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 gene expression. The protein levels were investigated by Western Blot.
Results: The results showed a high level of three adrenergic expressions in PCO women compared to the control group (p-value <.001), which can be reduced by clonidine. POR group showed a significant decrease in the gene expression of ADR-α1 (p-value = .004) and ADR-α2 (p-value = .003) compared to the control group and clonidine treatment had no effect.
Conclusion: The significant increase of three adrenoceptors gene expression and protein levels in CCs culture indicate to the hyperactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nervous system at the receptor levels in women with PCOS, and clonidine confirmed it by reducing this expression. In POR women, the reduction of ADR-α1, 2 expressions maybe lead to the aging process in the ovary.
 rHu VEGF-165 |
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| AK8295-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu VEGF-165 |
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| AK8295-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu VEGF-165 |
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| AK8295-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu VEGF-165 |
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| AK8295-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu EG-VEGF |
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| AK8315-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu EG-VEGF |
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| AK8315-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu EG-VEGF |
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| AK8315-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu EG-VEGF |
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| AK8315-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
) rHu VEGF (cGMP) |
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| AK9063-0000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 VEGF-121-Fc |
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| E13-m005-1 | EnoGene | 10μg | EUR 343 |
VEGF-121-Fc |
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| E13-m005-2 | EnoGene | 50μg | EUR 1155 |
 VEGF 121, CF |
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| PR15029CF | Neuromics | 5 ug | EUR 415 |
 Human VEGF 121 Antibody |
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| 32562-05111 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 261 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF 121 Protein |
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| RP00017 | Abclonal | 5 μg | EUR 174 |
 Recombinant human VEGF 121 Protein |
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| RP01162 | Abclonal | 5 μg | EUR 151 |
) Human VEGF 121 Antibody (Biotin Conjugate) |
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| 32562-05121 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 369 |
 Human CellExp? VEGF 121, Human Recombinant |
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| 6484-10 | Biovision | EUR 343 | |
Human CellExp? VEGF 121, Human Recombinant |
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| 6484-50 | Biovision | EUR 1333 | |
) Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (FITC Conjugate) |
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| 32562-05141 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 428 |
) Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (RPE Conjugate) |
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| 32562-05151 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 428 |
) Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (APC Conjugate) |
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| 32562-05161 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 428 |
) Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (PerCP Conjugate) |
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| 32562-05171 | AssayPro | 150 ug | EUR 471 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF121 Protein |
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| PROTP15692-10 | BosterBio | 10ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: VEGF is a potent growth and angiogenic cytokine. It stimulates proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, and promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Expressed in vascularized tissues, VEGF plays a prominent role in normal and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF signals through three receptors; fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt-1), KDR gene product (the murine homolog of KDR is the flk-1 gene product) and the flt4 gene product. Due to its increased acidity, VEGF121 circulates more freely than other VEGF forms, which bind more tightly with vascular heparin sulfates. Recombinant human VEGF121 is a 28.4 kDa disulfide-linked homodimeric protein consisting of two 121 amino acid polypeptide chains. |
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, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag) VEGF (121 a.a.), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag |
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| PROTP15692-8 | BosterBio | Regular: 10ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (aa 207-327) containing a total of 142 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 16.3 kDa. ;The VEGF-121 is fused to a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. |
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 Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-100ug |
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| QP5207-100ug | EnQuireBio | 100ug | EUR 545 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP5207-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 237 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
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| QP5207-1mg | EnQuireBio | 1mg | EUR 3754 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-2ug |
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| QP5207-2ug | EnQuireBio | 2ug | EUR 136 |
 Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-500ug |
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| QP5207-500ug | EnQuireBio | 500ug | EUR 2322 |
 Human Recombinant Protein) VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Human Recombinant Protein |
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| PROTP15692-5 | BosterBio | Regular: 10ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28423 Dalton. VEGF121 circulates more freely than other VEGF forms, which bind more tightly with vascular heparin sulfates.;The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. |
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 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug) Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug |
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| QP13933-10ug | EnQuireBio | 10ug | EUR 201 |
 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg) Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg |
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| QP13933-1mg | EnQuireBio | 1mg | EUR 3573 |
 Protein, Untagged, E.coli-2ug) Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-2ug |
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| QP13933-2ug | EnQuireBio | 2ug | EUR 155 |
 Mouse Recombinant Protein) VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Mouse Recombinant Protein |
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| PROTQ00731-2 | BosterBio | Regular: 10ug | EUR 317 |
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Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa.;Recombinant Mouse VEGF-121 is a truncated version of Murine VEGF-165.;The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. |
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 Superior Prime Broth™ |
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| 121 | AthenaES | 500 ml | EUR 64 |
 rHu Insulin |
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| AK8211-0025 | Akron Biotech | 25mg | Ask for price |
rHu Insulin |
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| AK8211-0250 | Akron Biotech | 250mg | Ask for price |
rHu Insulin |
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| AK8211-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1g | Ask for price |
 rHu aFGF |
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| AK8230-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu aFGF |
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| AK8230-0050 | Akron Biotech | 50µg | Ask for price |
rHu aFGF |
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| AK8230-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu aFGF |
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| AK8230-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu MCSF |
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| AK8238-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCSF |
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| AK8238-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCSF |
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| AK8238-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MCSF |
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| AK8238-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu CTGF |
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| AK8240-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu CTGF |
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| AK8240-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu CTGF |
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| AK8240-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu CTGF |
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| AK8240-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu MIF |
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| AK8255-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIF |
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| AK8255-0025 | Akron Biotech | 25µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIF |
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| AK8255-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu MIF |
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| AK8255-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu Myostatin |
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| AK8256-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu Myostatin |
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| AK8256-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu Myostatin |
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| AK8256-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu Myostatin |
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| AK8256-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu Leptin |
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| AK8265-0200 | Akron Biotech | 200µg | Ask for price |
rHu Leptin |
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| AK8265-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
rHu Leptin |
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| AK8265-5000 | Akron Biotech | 5mg | Ask for price |
 rHu RANTES |
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| AK8275-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu RANTES |
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| AK8275-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu RANTES |
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| AK8275-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu RANTES |
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| AK8275-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu BDNF |
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| AK8286-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu BDNF |
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| AK8286-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu BDNF |
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| AK8286-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu BDNF |
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| AK8286-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu CNTF |
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| AK8302-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu CNTF |
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| AK8302-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu CNTF |
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| AK8302-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu CNTF |
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| AK8302-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu EGF |
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| AK8327-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu EGF |
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| AK8327-0500 | Akron Biotech | 500µg | Ask for price |
rHu EGF |
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| AK8327-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu GDNF |
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| AK8335-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu GDNF |
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| AK8335-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu GDNF |
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| AK8335-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu GDNF |
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| AK8335-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu OSM |
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| AK8531-0002 | Akron Biotech | 2µg | Ask for price |
rHu OSM |
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| AK8531-0010 | Akron Biotech | 10µg | Ask for price |
rHu OSM |
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| AK8531-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |
rHu OSM |
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| AK8531-1000 | Akron Biotech | 1mg | Ask for price |
 rHu BAFF |
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| AK8540-0005 | Akron Biotech | 5µg | Ask for price |
rHu BAFF |
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| AK8540-0020 | Akron Biotech | 20µg | Ask for price |
rHu BAFF |
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| AK8540-0100 | Akron Biotech | 100µg | Ask for price |