Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture

A Simplified Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions within just a few months, causing severe respiratory disease and mortality. Assays to monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in vitro depend on time-consuming and costly RNA extraction steps, hampering progress in basic research and drug development efforts.
Here, we developed a simplified quantitative real-time PCR assay that bypasses viral RNA extraction steps and can monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth from a small amount of cell culture supernatants. In addition, we show that this approach is easily adaptable to numerous other RNA and DNA viruses. Using this assay, we screened the activities of a number of compounds that were predicted to alter SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication as well as HIV-1-specific drugs in a proof-of-concept study. We found that E64D (inhibitor of endosomal proteases cathepsin B and L) and apilimod (endosomal trafficking inhibitor) potently decreased the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cell culture supernatants with minimal cytotoxicity.
Surprisingly, we found that the macropinocytosis inhibitor ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) similarly decreased SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in supernatants, suggesting that entry may additionally be mediated by an alternative pathway. HIV-1-specific inhibitors nevirapine (a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]), amprenavir (a protease inhibitor), and allosteric integrase inhibitor 2 (ALLINI-2) modestly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication, albeit the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were much higher than that required for HIV-1. Taking the data together, this simplified assay will expedite basic SARS-CoV-2 research, be amenable to mid-throughput screening assays (i.e., drug, CRISPR, small interfering RNA [siRNA], etc.), and be applicable to a broad number of RNA and DNA viruses.
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is continuing to cause immense respiratory disease and social and economic disruptions. Conventional assays that monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture rely on costly and time-consuming RNA extraction procedures, hampering progress in basic SARS-CoV-2 research and development of effective therapeutics.
Here, we developed a simple quantitative real-time PCR assay to monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture supernatants that does not necessitate RNA extraction and that is as accurate and sensitive as existing methods. In a proof-of-concept screen, we found that E64D, apilimod, EIPA, and remdesivir can substantially impede SARS-Cov-2 replication, providing novel insight into viral entry and replication mechanisms.
In addition, we show that this approach is easily adaptable to numerous other RNA and DNA viruses. This simplified assay will undoubtedly expedite basic SARS-CoV-2 and virology research and be amenable to use in drug screening platforms to identify therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
pharmacodane

pharmacodane

rHu MIP-3-beta
AK8232-0005 5µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-3-beta
AK8232-0020 20µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-3-beta
AK8232-0100 100µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-3-beta
AK8232-1000 1mg Ask for price

rHu MIP-4
AK8218-0002 2µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-4
AK8218-0010 10µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-4
AK8218-0100 100µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-4
AK8218-1000 1mg Ask for price

rHu MIP-1-beta
AK8264-0002 2µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-1-beta
AK8264-0010 10µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-1-beta
AK8264-0100 100µg Ask for price

rHu MIP-1-beta
AK8264-1000 1mg Ask for price

MIP-3 alpha, CCL20, human
RC315-31 5ug
EUR 125.26

Ccl20 Antibody / Mip-3 alpha
R32858 100 ug
EUR 356.15
Description: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 alpha (MIP-3 alpha), is also called Chemokine, cc motif, ligand 20 (CCL20). The MIP-3 alpha / CCL20 gene was cloned and sequenced, revealing a four exon, three intron structure, and was localized by FISH analysis to 2q35-q36. MIP3 alpha is predominantly expressed in lymph nodes, appendix, PBL, fetal liver, fetal lung and several cell lines. MIP3 alpha / CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 are markedly up-regulated in psoriasis, and they may play a role in the recruitment of T cells to lesional psoriatic skin.

MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-353-0005mg 0.005 mg
EUR 311.1
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3 alpha is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-353-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 437.1
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3 alpha is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-380-0005mg 0.005 mg
EUR 311.1
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 alpha is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-380-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 437.1
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 alpha is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

Recombinant Human MIP-3 alpha (CCL20)
HECCP-2001 5ug Ask for price

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
20-abx148975
  • EUR 510.00
  • EUR 410.40
  • 100 ug
  • 50 ug

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
45363-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
45363-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
DF8572 100ul
EUR 280
Description: Human

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
DF8572-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
DF8572-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
E19-8572-1 50ug/50ul
EUR 145
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

MIP-1 alpha Antibody
E19-8572-2 100ug/100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

MIP 1 alpha antibody
20R-1788 100 ug
EUR 807.6
Description: Rabbit polyclonal MIP 1 alpha antibody

MIP- 1 alpha Antibody
ABD8572 100 ug
EUR 525.6

Mouse MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit
LF-EK50839 1×96T
EUR 777.6

Human MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit
RK00207 96 Tests
EUR 625.2

Mouse MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit
RK00129 96T
EUR 280

Recombinant (E.Coli) Human p38 alpha/SAPK2 alpha
RP-675 1 ug
EUR 343.2

Monoclonal anti-human Alpha (FSH-Alpha), IgG clone 3 aff pure
FSHA12-M 1 mg
EUR 578.4

MIP-1 alpha, CCL3, human
RC315-14 5ug
EUR 125.26

Recombinant Human MIP-3 Alpha (CCL20) Protein
PROTP78556-2 20ug
EUR 380.4
Description: MIP-3α is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3α is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3α is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

Recombinant Murine MIP-3 Alpha (CCL20) Protein
PROTO89093-1 20ug
EUR 380.4
Description: MIP-3α is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3α is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3α is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

CCL3 Antibody / MIP-1 alpha
R31933 100 ug
EUR 356.15
Description: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), also called CCL3, LD78. The cDNA for CCL3 predicts a mature peptide of 69 amino acids with a molecular mass of 7,889 daltons. CCL3 is a member of a newly identified superfamily of small inducible proteins involved in inflammatory responses, wound healing and tumorigenesis. CCL3 is a chemokine that has pro-inflammatory and stem cell inhibitory activities in vitro. It constitutes an important second signal for mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva in vivo and consequently for acute-phase disease.

ELISA kit for Rat MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20
EK5193 96 tests
EUR 663.6
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Rat MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

MIP-1 alpha Blocking Peptide
DF8572-BP 1mg
EUR 234

Rabbit Anti-Human Alpha Defensin 1-3 (NP1-3/hNP1-3)antiserum #1
HDEFA11-S 100 ul
EUR 548.4

human Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2 alpha) Control/blocking peptide
TOP2A11-P 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Human Alpha Defensin 1-3 (NP1-3/hNP1-3)control/blocking peptide #1
HDEFA11-P 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Human MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein Lyophilized
IHUMIP3ARLY5UG each
EUR 341
Description: Human MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein Lyophilized

Mouse MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein Lyophilized
IMSMIP3ARLY5UG each
EUR 341
Description: Mouse MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein Lyophilized

ELISA kit for Human MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20
EK5191 96 tests
EUR 663.6
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

ELISA kit for Mouse MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20
EK5192 96 tests
EUR 663.6
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Mouse MIP-3 Alpha/CCL20 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

MIP-1 alpha Conjugated Antibody
C45363 100ul
EUR 476.4

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-337-0002mg 0.002 mg
EUR 311.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant murine MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-337-001mg 0.01 mg
EUR 437.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant murine MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-364-0005mg 0.005 mg
EUR 311.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-364-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 437.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-412-0005mg 0.005 mg
EUR 311.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant rat MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

MIP-1 alpha Recombinant Protein
40-412-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 437.1
Description: Both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 alpha selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 beta selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant rat MIP-1 alpha is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

Murinoglobulin (alpha 1-inhibitor 3) Rat, purified protein
MGBN11-N-25 25 ug
EUR 270

Recombinant purified, human Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), active
IL1A15-R-10 10 ug
EUR 416.4

Rat MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 PicoKine ELISA Kit
EK0455 96 wells
EUR 535.2
Description: For quantitative detection of rat MIP-3 alpha in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA).

Rabbit Anti-human Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2 alpha) IgG, aff pure
TOP2A11-A 100 ug
EUR 578.4

Rabbit Anti-Human Alpha Defensin 1-3 (NP1-3/hNP1-3), IgG #1, aff pure
HDEFA11-A 100 ug
EUR 578.4

Human MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 PicoKine ELISA Kit
EK0453 96 wells
EUR 523.2
Description: For quantitative detection of human MIP-3 alpha in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA).

Mouse MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 PicoKine ELISA Kit
EK0454 96 wells
EUR 510
Description: For quantitative detection of mouse CCL20 in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA).

MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 ELISA Kit (Mouse) (OKBB00399)
OKBB00399 96 Wells
EUR 606
Description: Description of target: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α (MIP3α), also called Chemokine, cc motif, ligand 20 (CCL20). The MIP-3alpha/CCL20 gene was cloned and sequenced, revealing a four exon, three intron structure, and was localized by FISH analysis to 2q35-q36. MIP3α is predominantly expressed in lymph nodes, appendix, PBL, fetal liver, fetal lung and several cell lines. MIP3α/CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 are markedly up-regulated in psoriasis, and they may play a role in the recruitment of T cells to lesional psoriatic skin. And Alanine MIP-3α and Serine MIP-3α, the two forms of MIP3α, that differ by one amino acid at the predicted signal peptide cleavage site. Both of them were chemically synthesized and tested for biological activity. And both flu antigen plus IL-2-activated CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T lymphoblasts and cord blood-derived dendritic cells responded to Ser and Ala MIP-3α.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: <= 1 pg/mL

Monoclonal anti-bovine GABAa Receptor alpha 1 (1-269aa) IgG #3, aff pure
GAA13-M 100 ug
EUR 578.4

MIP-1 alpha (human) ELISA Kit
K4784-100 100 assays
EUR 1000.8
Description: Sensitive, Colorimetric Assay

Monkey MIP-1 Alpha ELISA KIT
ELA-E0092Mo 96 Tests
EUR 1113.6

Rabbit Anti Human Mip-3 Alpha Polyclonal Antibody
CPBT-65216RH 0.1 mg
EUR 1057.2

Recombinant (Sf90) bovine Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha p110a/p85a
RP-733 1 ug
EUR 343.2

Recombinant Human Alpha-Synuclein
RP-847 20 ug
EUR 196.8

Human/Rat GABAa Receptor alpha 3 (GAA3) Control/blocking peptide #1
GAA31-P 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Recombinant Human MIP-1 alpha(CCL3)
HECCP-0302 5ug Ask for price

Alpha 2-Antiplasmin, Human Plasma
A2AP15-100 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin, Human Plasma
A1AT15-N 1 mg
EUR 196.8

Recombinant (E.Coli) Human GRO-beta/MIP-2 (CXCL2)
RP-1013 10 ug
EUR 343.2

Recombinant Mouse (E.Coli) GRO-beta/MIP-2 (CXCL2)
RP-1040 5 ug
EUR 196.8

Rabbit Anti-Human/Rat GABAa Receptor alpha 3 (GAA3) IgG, aff pure
GAA31-A 100 ug
EUR 578.4

Human Core-binding factor alpha 3 (CBFA3) Control/blocking peptide # 1
CBFA31-P 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Endothelial intergerin Alpha-V Beta-3 (Clone 17.16), RNA Aptamer, unlabeled
AR-287-U Custom Ask for price

Mouse alpha Macroglobulin protein, pure
AMGL15-N-25 25 ug
EUR 270

Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin , Human Plasma
A1CT15-N-100 100 ug
EUR 196.8

Rabbit Anti-Rat Glutathione Transferase alpha (GST-alpha) antiserum
GSTA11-S 100 ul
EUR 548.4

Rabbit Anti-Human Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) peptide IgG
ERA12-A 100 ug
EUR 578.4

Rabbit Anti-Human Glutathione Transferase alpha (GST-alpha) antiserum
GSTA12-S 100 ul
EUR 548.4

Rabbit Anti-Rat Murinoglobulin (alpha 1-inhibitor 3) Rat, IgG, aff pure
MGBN11-A 100 ug
EUR 578.4

Human hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
100-530-HIF 1 Kit
EUR 854.4

Recombinant (E.Coli) Human Thyrostimulin Alpha
RP-595 10 ug
EUR 343.2

Expression of ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 in cumulus cellculture of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and poor responder who are a candidate for IVF: the novel strategic role of clonidine in this expression

Objective: Alpha and beta-adrenoceptors (ADR-α1, 2, and β2) play a regulatory role in the folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to measure these adrenoceptors mRNA and its protein levels in cumulus cells (CCs) culture of poor ovarian reserve (POR) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) infertile women (IVF candidate) and the effect of clonidine treatment at CCs culture.
Methods: This case/control study was conducted in 2017 includes a control (donation oocytes) and two studies (PCO and POR) groups. The ovulation induction drugs were prescribed in all groups. After the oocyte puncture, the follicular fluid was collected and CCs were isolated were cultured. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and designed the primer for the ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 gene expression. The protein levels were investigated by Western Blot.
Results: The results showed a high level of three adrenergic expressions in PCO women compared to the control group (p-value <.001), which can be reduced by clonidine. POR group showed a significant decrease in the gene expression of ADR-α1 (p-value = .004) and ADR-α2 (p-value = .003) compared to the control group and clonidine treatment had no effect.
Conclusion: The significant increase of three adrenoceptors gene expression and protein levels in CCs culture indicate to the hyperactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nervous system at the receptor levels in women with PCOS, and clonidine confirmed it by reducing this expression. In POR women, the reduction of ADR-α1, 2 expressions maybe lead to the aging process in the ovary.

VEGF 121, CF
PR15029CF 5 ug
EUR 498

VEGF-121-Fc
E13-m005-1 10μg
EUR 411.6

VEGF-121-Fc
E13-m005-2 50μg
EUR 1386

VEGF-121 (His tag)
EGPS002 10ug
EUR 175

Human VEGF 121 Antibody
32562-05111 150 ug
EUR 313.2

VEGF 121 Recombinant Protein
96-768 0.02 mg
EUR 519
Description: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) and VEGF-A, and is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and encodes a protein that is often found as a disulfide linked homodimer. This protein is a glycosylated mitogen that specifically acts on endothelial cells and has various effects, including mediating increased vascular permeability, inducing angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promoting cell migration, and inhibiting apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants, encoding either freely secreted or cell-associated isoforms, have been characterized. Alternatively spliced isoforms of 121,145,165,183,189 and 206 amino acids in length are expressed in humans. VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189. VEGF121 is the only form that lacks a basic heparinbinding region and is freely diffusible. Mouse embryos expressing only the corresponding isoform (VEGF120) do not survive to term, and show defects in skeletogenesis. Human VEGF121 shares 87% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse and rat, 93% with feline, equine and bovine, and 91%, 95% and 96% with ovine, canine and porcine VEGF, respectively. VEGF121 induces the proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells. The lymphangiogenesis may be promoted by upregulation of VEGF121, which may in turn act in part via induction of VEGF-C.

Recombinant Human VEGF 121 Protein
RP00017 5 μg
EUR 208.8

Recombinant human VEGF 121 Protein
RP01162 5 μg
EUR 181.2

Recombinant Human VEGF 121 Protein
E40KMP1027 20ug
EUR 495

rHu EG-VEGF
AK8315-0005 5µg Ask for price

rHu EG-VEGF
AK8315-0020 20µg Ask for price

rHu EG-VEGF
AK8315-0100 100µg Ask for price

rHu EG-VEGF
AK8315-1000 1mg Ask for price

Human CellExp? VEGF 121, Human Recombinant
6484-10 each
EUR 411.6

Human CellExp? VEGF 121, Human Recombinant
6484-50 each
EUR 1599.6

Human VEGF 121 Antibody (Biotin Conjugate)
32562-05121 150 ug
EUR 442.8

Recombinant human VEGF 121 Protein, His Tag
E40KMP1359 20ug
EUR 495

Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (RPE Conjugate)
32562-05151 150 ug
EUR 513.6

Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (APC Conjugate)
32562-05161 150 ug
EUR 513.6

Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (FITC Conjugate)
32562-05141 150 ug
EUR 513.6

Human VEGF 121 AssayLite Antibody (PerCP Conjugate)
32562-05171 150 ug
EUR 565.2

VEGF 121 Recombinant Protein Tag free Lyophilized
IVEGF121RLY20UG each
EUR 592
Description: VEGF 121 Recombinant Protein Tag free Lyophilized

Recombinant Human VEGF121 Protein
PROTP15692-10 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: VEGF is a potent growth and angiogenic cytokine. It stimulates proliferation and survival of endothelial cells, and promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Expressed in vascularized tissues, VEGF plays a prominent role in normal and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF signals through three receptors; fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt-1), KDR gene product (the murine homolog of KDR is the flk-1 gene product) and the flt4 gene product. Due to its increased acidity, VEGF121 circulates more freely than other VEGF forms, which bind more tightly with vascular heparin sulfates. Recombinant human VEGF121 is a 28.4 kDa disulfide-linked homodimeric protein consisting of two 121 amino acid polypeptide chains.

VEGF (121 a.a.), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant Protein, His Tag
PROTP15692-8 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (aa 207-327) containing a total of 142 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 16.3 kDa. ;The VEGF-121 is fused to a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg
QP5207-1mg 1mg
EUR 4504.8

Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-2ug
QP5207-2ug 2ug
EUR 163.2

Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug
QP5207-10ug 10ug
EUR 284.4

Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-100ug
QP5207-100ug 100ug
EUR 654

Recombinant Human VEGF-121 Isoform Protein, Untagged, E.coli-500ug
QP5207-500ug 500ug
EUR 2786.4

Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-1mg
QP13933-1mg 1mg
EUR 4287.6

Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-2ug
QP13933-2ug 2ug
EUR 186

Recombinant Mouse VEGF (121 a. a. ) Protein, Untagged, E.coli-10ug
QP13933-10ug 10ug
EUR 241.2

VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Human Recombinant Protein
PROTP15692-5 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a double, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28423 Dalton. VEGF121 circulates more freely than other VEGF forms, which bind more tightly with vascular heparin sulfates.;The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Mouse Recombinant Protein
PROTQ00731-2 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa.;Recombinant Mouse VEGF-121 is a truncated version of Murine VEGF-165.;The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC941063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC941063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC801063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC801063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC811063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC811063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC701063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC701063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC881063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC881063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC051063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC051063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC041063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC041063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC401063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC401063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCB1063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCB1063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCAP1063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCAP1063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCA1063-250 250uL
EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), APC conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCR1063-250 250uL
EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), RPE conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCP1063-250 250uL
EUR 459.6
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), PerCP conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNUM1063-50 50uL
EUR 474
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), 1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCH1063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNCH1063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNUB1063-100 100uL
EUR 250.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNUB1063-500 500uL
EUR 549.6
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC611063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC611063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC551063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC551063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC431063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC431063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC681063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC681063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC471063-100 100uL
EUR 238.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF-A(VEGF/1063) Antibody
BNC471063-500 500uL
EUR 652.8
Description: Primary antibody against VEGF-A(VEGF/1063), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL

VEGF (121a.a.) Human, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121) Human Recombinant Protein, HEK
PROTP15692 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Recombinant Human VEGF 121 amino acids, produced in HEK cells is a glycosylated 37kDa homodimer and 50kDa homotrimer.;The VEGF is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

VEGF
MO15067 500 ug
EUR 1092

VEGF
LF-PR009 10 ug
EUR 306
Description: VEGF protein

VEGF
PR15028 10 ug
EUR 553.2

VEGF
E8ET1604-28 100ul
EUR 275
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

VEGF
cyt-241 2µg
EUR 60
Description: Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

VEGF
ant-125 0.5mg
EUR 275
Description: Mouse Anti Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

VEGF/ Rat VEGF ELISA Kit
ELA-E0143r 96 Tests
EUR 1063.2

VEGF 162
PR15030 25 ug
EUR 553.2

VEGF 165
PR15031 50 ug
EUR 1477.2

VEGF 120
PR15033 5 ug
EUR 459.6

VEGF 164
PR15034 25 ug
EUR 1352.4

VEGF 164
PR15035 50 ug
EUR 1477.2

VEGF (121a.a.)
cyt-343 2µg
EUR 60
Description: Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121)

VEGF Human, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (121 a.a.) Human Recombinant Protein, Sf9
PROTP15692-1 Regular: 10ug
EUR 380.4
Description: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Human Recombinant produced in insect cells as an 18kDa homodimer, is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 121 amino acids and having a molecular mass of approximately 36kDa.;VEGF121 circulates more freely than other VEGF forms, which bind more tightly with vascular heparin sulfates.;The VEGF-121 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.